Many people believe – wrongly – that a credit record shows whether a lender has refused credit. This is not the case. Every time you apply for credit a ‘footprint’ is created on your credit record to show other financiers what you have been up to, but no record is immediately made as to whether you took up an offer, or whether it was refused.

One thing that varies from lender to lender is ‘how much is too many?’ Most of us are familiar with the concept that lenders looking at a credit record showing multiple applications may – quite rightly – view this as a sign of someone desperately seeking credit. As this is rarely the sign of a good potential client, many lenders will turn this applicant down on principal.

But how much is ‘too many’ when it comes to applications. Lenders will obviously vary, according to their criteria, but a flag usually goes up if more than four applications have been made at any one time. If the applications are spread across a period of months, the lender will be more lenient.
Another factor that people misunderstand about their credit rating is how much stability affects their core rating.

When you apply for credit – be it a mortgage, a credit card or a personal loan – the lender wants to know more than anything that you will be able to repay. The greater the risk perceived, the higher the interest rate charged, which is why bad credit loans can be so expensive.

Factors affecting this can be whether you are married – a sign of committment – whether you are registered as a voter, how many times you have moved house and even how many times you have moved job.

Someone who is seen as high risk is not necessarily someone with a history of missed repayments and ccjs, but maybe someone who has jumped from job to job, moved house or town many times and generally shown a lack of stability.

So, if you’re wondering why you weren’t offered the best rates available on the loan you wanted, you may need to look deeper than you thought.

Whilst this may seem far removed from the daily grind of most people’s lives, the effect of this action will have far-reaching implications around the globe and already has seen a positive affect on global stock markets.

Most UK homeowners will have never heard of either company, but together they are the largest holders of home loans in the world and as the saying goes, ‘when America sneezes, the rest of the world catches a cold’. In the last year they had been suffering unsustainable losses, as the American home loans market went into freefall and this was a large part of the credit crunch being felt by all.

Once confidence was lost in America, Asian backers stopped investing funds and the resulting lack of liquidity on the loans market has meant that everything from business loans to small personal loans has been affected by a lack of funds to be lent.

With this move – long overdue according to finance pundits – investment into America is likely to restart from healthier financial markets which experts hope will begin to halt the recession which is threatening to sweep the world.

What does this mean to the average borrower? Well, funds are unlikely to rush into the market instantly, but finance is a fast moving beast and so hopes are high that relief will be imminent for Western business and individuals. Particularly in America where an estimated 9% of homeowners are behind in loan repayments, risking repossession, bankruptcy and long term bad credit.

The measures included helping out beleaguered homeowners who had fell behind on loan repayments; offering equity loans to buyers and giving a stamp duty holiday under a new threshold.

So far most commentators on the new schemes have been singularly unimpressed, particularly financial advice site, Moneysupermarket.com.

“The Government plans are certainly high on rhetoric, but lacking in fundamental help,” claimed Louise Cuming, head of mortgages at moneysupermarket.com.

Cuming states that some factors of the scheme are not just unworkable, they also encourage financial irresponsibility by bailing out homeowners who have dragged themselves into debt.

The view that the ‘British Debt Mountain’ is the fault of irresponsible lenders is a popular one in some quarters. Many have claimed that the vast amount of personal loan and credit card debt is due to lenders pushing ‘easy credit’ at borrowers who had little chance of repaying.

Cuming also points out that the plan for offering buyers 30% equity loans is also unrealistic: “this is simply a rehash of the tired old share equity story,” she says.

“This will inevitably only help a fortunate minority as it is co-funded by government and developers, and thus only available on an insignificant number of properties.”

According to figures out from Standard & Poor, nearly a quarter of all bad credit home loans are now in arrears – many by as much as 90 days. This is up from 22% in the last quarter surveyed and now officially at a record level.

Comparison website Moneysupermarket have commented that this situation is of course attributable to the credit crunch, as nearly all homeowners have been faced with increased interest rates. For families who were already on a higher than average rate, a price rise can make it impossible for repayments to be met.

Additionally, the tighter lender criteria now in place across the loans market has made it nearly impossible for families to find cheap loans when a fixed rate deal comes to an end.

With fewer loan products on the market and many lenders pulling out of the sub-prime loans market, borrowers are having real difficulty in finding a bad credit loan at a price they can afford.

With reports on an increasing number of repossessions taking place and uncertainty in the jobs market, UK debt charties are bracing themselves for floods of enquiries. As colder weather sets in and fuel requirements rise, more families are likely to be plunged into the cyle of bad debt.

It advises people to tackle their bad finance habits in order to stay afloat during these tricky financial times.

One of the worst habits is that of living beyond your means. This fatal flaw is going to see huge numbers of UK adults sinking under unmanageable debt in coming months. People who regularly spend more than their income each month are obviously mounting up debts that they can never tackle. Many of these people will end up using credit cards to pay for basic living costs and then taking out personal loans to clear the credit cards. This is a ticking timebomb, according to MyVesta, the debt solutions provider, and they should know.

Another poor habit is allowing yourself too many credit sources. If you hold a handful of cards each with a limit of thousands there’s always the temptation to splurge. Add to this a number of catalogue accounts or store cards and suddenly all kinds of avenues are open for spending on days when your income is all gone. Moneyfacts strongly recommends paying off the cards or accounts with the highest amount of interest and limiting yourself to only a few once the balances are cleared.

Not being aware of your current financial situation is a big step in the wrong direction. Whilst few people know their exact bank balance, it is always wise to have a handle on your rough debt balance. If you haven’t tallied up all the money you owe in overdrafts, hire purchase, credit cards and loans then you’re burying your head in the sand. By being aware of what you owe you remain in control and can decide which bills need clearing most urgently.

Above all, be aware of missing payments. Many creditors see this as a green light to either slap you with a charge or raise the interest rate on your borrowings. Or both! Whilst borrowing may still be fashionable, there’s no point in spending money unnecessarily. Especially during the credit crunch!

The Group claim that debt management, such as Individual Voluntary Agreements (IVAs) will rise by a further £5 million by Christmas, growing steadily by year end.

Mark Onyett, chief executive of the TDX Group said: “We’re already seeing far higher numbers of consumers struggling with personal debts and the pressure is set to intensify over the coming months.”

The research showed that an increasing number of people with financial problems are finding it difficult to make repayments on loan and credit card debts.

This accords with research showing the house repossessions are steadily climbing and a rise in people approaching debt charities for advice.

Since the start of the credit crunch many people have tightened their belts, but it simply isn’t enough.

Whilst most families are wise enough not to extend their credit with further personal loans, the increases in the cost of living has pushed many families deeply into debt.

Unfortunately, this Christmas could see many families hard pushed to pay their bills, let alone have the festive season of their dreams.

The accountancy firm KPMG has said that it is predicting that over 130,000 people are going to be declared bankrupt or enter into individual voluntary arrangements with their lenders. This will be up from the 109,615 who did the same last year.

When people enter into individual voluntary arrangements (IVA) they are allowed to restructure debts such as personal loans, credit cards and hire purchase so that their debts can become more manageable. Monthly repayments are made for a fixed period of time with the remainder of the debt being written off at the end of the period.

It is estimated that as many as 2,500 people have debt in excess of £100,000. In 2007 the average amount owed by individuals entering into IVAs was £50,300.

KPMG found that the average repayment for a loan on an IVA was 38% of debt. The average debtor repaid £19,000 of their debt and as a result £1.3bn had to be written off by creditors.

The high average level of debt indicates just how bad lending has been in the past few years. Most debtors owe so much that they have no realistic way of actually repaying their debt.